N-Alpha-acetyllysine is a N-acetylated amino acid. It is a normal constituent of human urine with concentrations in normal samples too small to allow its routine detection; however it has been found at increased levels in the urine of a patient with aminoacylase I deficiency.

1,3-Dihydroxyacetone is the main active ingredient in sunscreen tanning skin care preparations, an important precursor for the synthesis of a variety of fine chemicals, and a food additive that can be produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation on Gluconobacter oxydans.

Heparan Sulfate is a complex and linear polysaccharide, exists as part of glycoproteins named heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are expressed abundantly on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix.