Itaconic acid also known as itaconate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids containing a branched chain. Itaconic acid exists as a solid soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Itaconic acid has been detected in multiple biofluids such as sweat and urine.

Palmitoyl CoA lithium (Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium) is a major component of fatty acids involved in the carnitine shuttle system, beta-oxidation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and can be used to study metabolic disorders in the body.

Diethyl oxalpropionate also known as methyloxalacetic acid diethyl ester or diethyl methyloxalacetate is a member of the class of compounds known as beta-keto acids and derivatives. These compounds are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the C3 carbon atom.