HIV-IN-11 is part of the hydroxylaminoglutaramide (HAPA) transition state isomeric series of HIV protease inhibitors and is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. HIV-IN-11 competitively inhibits HIV-1 PR (Ki: 0.049 nM) and potently inhibits replication of HIV(IIIb)-infected MT4 lymphocytes at concentrations of 25.0-50.0 nM. HIV-IN-11 displays a longer half-life than indinavir sulfate in animal models and serves as a promising second-generation HIV protease inhibitor.

Glycocholic acid, or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals.

Pyrocatechol its sulfonic acid is often present in the urine of many mammals. Small amounts of catechol occur naturally in fruits and vegetables along with the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. Upon mixing the enzyme with the substrate and exposure to oxygen (as when a potato or apple is cut) the colorless catechol oxidizes to reddish-brown benzoquinone derivatives.