Methoxy-X04, a derivative of Congo red and Chrysamine-G, is a brain-permeable fluorescent probe for amyloid-β (Aβ).

Anantin binds competitively to the receptor of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) from bovine adrenal cortex (Kd = 0.6 μM) and acts as natriuretic peptide receptor A antagonist.

Humanin, an anti-apoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, is a Bax inhibitor. Humanin prevents the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, blocks Bax from the inactive to active conformation. Humanin is a mitochondria-associated peptide with a neuroprotective effect against AD-related neurotoxicity. Humanin also improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal. Humanin are related to aging. Humanin analogue, in which the serine at position 14 is replaced by glycine, names HNG.