N-Acetyl-L-alanine is a substrate for Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) gamma-2 subunit Myelin basic protein GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran Tropomyosin alpha 4 chain HIV-1 Rev binding protein 2 Xaa-Pro dipeptidase Thymosin beta-10 Actin-like protein 3 Alanine aminotransferase Serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit 10 kDa heat shock protein (mitochondrial) Calmodulin and Beta-1-syntrophin.

Pseudouridine is the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. It enhances the function of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA by stabilizing RNA structure.

5'-Guanylic acid is involved in several metabolic disorders, including AICA-ribosiduria pathway, ?adenosine deaminase deficiency,adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and the 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria pathway.