Pyrithioxin dihydrochloride (Pyrithioxine HCl) has anti-nociceptive and anti-allodynic effects, can promote the metabolism of glucose and amino acids in the brain, improve systemic assimilation, and can be used to study neurological diseases such as atherosclerosis.

Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) that specifically binds monocytes, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and potentiates their natural killer activity against tumors and pathogens.

Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. Glutaric acid is naturally produced in the body during the metabolism of some amino acids including lysine and tryptophan. Glutaric acid may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. When present in sufficiently high levels glutaric acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin.