5-Methoxytryptophol is a pineal indoleamine derived from serotonin shown to be biologically active in a number of species.

5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that when incorporated into single-stranded DNA can act in cis to signal de novo.

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium salt activates the signal transducing G proteins which are involved in various cellular processes including proliferation differentiation and activation of several intracellular kinase cascades.Proliferation and apoptosis are regulated in part by the hydrolysis of GTP by small GTPases Ras and Rho.