Isorhapontigenin is a tetrahydroxylated stilbenoid with a methoxy group. It is an isomer of rhapontigenin and an analog of resveratrol.

Vanillic acid glucoside is a natural product of Vanilla, Orchidaceae. Vanillic acid glucoside can be used as a reference standard.

Threonine is an essential amino acid in humans. It is abundant in human plasma particularly in newborns. Severe deficiency of threonine causes neurological dysfunction and lameness in experimental animals. Threonine is an immunostimulant which promotes the growth of thymus gland. It also can probably promote cell immune defense function.