Lithospermate B is a natural product activates eNOS and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by enhancing vasodilation in addition to reducing oxidative stress, it can protecte cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury through specific inhibition of TAB1-p38 apoptosis signaling.

Lucenin 1 is a flavonoid isolated from the aerial parts of Erucaria microcarpa Boiss.

3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of organosulfur in the natural environment and is commonly used in nanoparticles.