D-Pyroglutamic acid (PCA) is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid physiologically present in mammalian tissues. It has been shown that PCA releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and displays anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in the rat.

Nodakenetin has clinical efficacy.

Vasopressin acetate is a peptide hormone with vasoconstrictive and antidiuretic activities that binds to the vascular arginine vasopressin receptor, V1, with Kd values of 1.31 and 1.44 nM in A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, respectively