Tomatidine decreases inducible NO synthase and COX-2 expression through suppression of I-κBα phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation and JNK activation, which in turn inhibits c-jun phosphorylation and Oct-2 expression.

Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium is a selective NF-κB inhibitor, inhibits translation of nitric oxide synthase mRNA to prevent induction.

Urolithin B inhibits NF-κB activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, and enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK.?Urolithin B is also a regulator of skeletal muscle mass.Urolithin B is one of the gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.