The roots of Ilex cornuta.

SMA-12b is an analog of the immunomodulatory parasite product ES-62 that has immunomodulatory activity, can modify the expression of many inflammatory response genes.

Monoethyl malonic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups. Monoethyl malonic acid exists as a solid soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).