Genistein 7,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside shows significant estrogenic proliferative effect in MCF-7 cell in sub-cytotoxic concentration range.

Artemetin protects endothelial function by acting as antioxidant and antiapoptotic agent and through the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt.

Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. Formate is an intermediate in normal metabolism. It is responsible for both metabolic acidosis and disrupting mitochondrial electron transport and energy production by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase activity the terminal electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.