Ajmalicine (Raubasine) is a potent adrenolytic agent which preferentially blocks α1-adrenoceptor. Ajmalicine is an reversible but non-competitive nicotine receptor full inhibitor, IC50 = 72.3 μM. Ajmalicine also can be used as anti-hypertensive, and serpentine, with sedative activity。

Clonidine is a centrally active alpha-adrenergic agonist used predominantly as an antihypertensive agent usually in combination with other agents. Despite wide-scale use for many years clonidine has not been linked definitively to either serum aminotransferase elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

Propyl gallate is an antioxidant used in foods especially animal fats and vegetable oils, also in a wide variety of cosmetics and beauty care products.