Flagelin 22 (Flagellin 22), a fragment of bacterial flagellin, is an effective elicitor in both plants and algae.

4-Hydroxy-25-dimethyl-3(2H)furanone is a naturally occurring substance found in a variety of fruits. It has been shown to have antimicrobial activity.

Pyrimethanil is a strobilurin fungicide belonging to the anilinopyrimidine class. Pyrimethanil is a broad-spectrum contact fungicide for the control of Botrytis spp. on a wide variety of crops.