Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) agonist that binds to the EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site; produces CaM-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. Also binds to cytoplasmic sites on other Ca2+ channels, including NMDA and HIV-1 gp120-activated channels, inhibiting Ca2+-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis (IC50 = 52 μM). Shown to protect pancreatic acinar cells from gossypol induced necrosis. Inhibits VLA-5-mediated adhesion of mast cells to fibronectin in vitro and attenuates inflammatory cell influx in guinea pig lung in vivo.

Ginsenoside-F3 has immunoenhancing activity by regulating production and gene expression of type 1 type 2 cytokines in murine spleen cells.

FRAX486 is a potent p21-activated kinase (PAK) inhibitor with IC50 values of 14, 33, 39 and 575 nM for PAK1, PAK2, PAK3 and PAK4 respectively.