H-Phe-Phe-OH is a peptide made of two phenylalanine molecules; Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and the precursor for the amino acid tyrosine.

DL-Homocysteinethiolactone hydrochloride is a cysteine derivative that binds to and induces conformational changes in various plasma proteins slowing coagulation and inducing oxidative stress.?It decreases left ventricular systolic blood pressure and cardiac force and induces seizures in vivo.

(S)-(?)-Limonene is a Monoterpenoidsit can induce a mild bronchoconstrictive effect.