Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a nucleoside diphosphate is a potential iron mobilizer which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulating the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway.

Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Increasing evidence supports a role for an elevation of homocysteine in schizophrenia.

3-hydroxydecanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid.?It has a role as an antimitotic and an Escherichia coli metabolite.