Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions.

5-Phenylvaleric acid is a pentanoic acid of bacterial origin occasionally found in human biofluids.

L-Methionine sulfoxide (H-Met(O)-OH) is a metabolite of Methionine. (H-Met(O)-OH) modulates oxidative stress and purinergic signaling parameters, and induces M1/classical macrophage polarization.