Difenoconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide that inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis via inhibition of the cytochrome P450-dependent 14α-demethylation of lanosterol which results in disruption of the fungal cell membrane and cell death.

Echinatin disturb the mitochondrial energy transfer reactions and membrane permeability, at a low concentration cause deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria.

IMR-1A is the metabolite of IMR-1 which is a novel class of Notch inhibitors targeting the transcriptional activation with IC50 of 6 μMol/L.