17-DIMETHYLXANTHINE

Research use only, not for human use.

Paraxanthine is a metabolite of caffeine (sc-202514) which functions as an adenosine receptor ligand and a PARP-1 inhibitor in pulmonary epithelial cells.

Paraxanthine is a metabolite of caffeine (sc-202514) which functions as an adenosine receptor ligand and a PARP-1 inhibitor in pulmonary epithelial cells. Studies suggest that Paraxanthine is structurally similar to caffeine and possibly mediates the physiological effects of caffeine. Also Paraxanthine acts as a competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor which increases intracellular cAMP activates PKA inhibits TNF-α and leukotriene synthesis. In addition Paraxanthine acts as a Na+/K+ ATPase enzymatic effector.

When Paraxanthine (PX) is applied to the cultures for a prolonged period, the number of TH+neurons is augmented in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of Paraxanthine, already significant at 100 μM, increases gradually and remains optimal between 800 and 1000 μM, at 10 DIV. Counts of TH+neurons performs at different stages of maturation of the cultures indicate that Paraxanthine most likely prevents DA cell loss. GDNF, a prototypical trophic factor for DA neurons, is only slightly more effective than 800 μM Paraxanthine in rescuing DA neurons after 10 and 16 DIV when used at an optimal concentration of 20 ng/mL. About 80% of caffeine is N3-demethylated to form Paraxanthine, Unlike Paraxanthine, caffeine is poorly effective in protecting DA neurons from death For example, at a concentration of 800 μM, caffeine produces only a modest 40% increase in the number of TH+ cells at 10 DIV, whereas the same concentration of Paraxanthine optimally promotes DA cell survival (169% increase).

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Paraxanthine

Proteasome/Ubiquitin

Endogenous Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

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611-59-6

180.16

C7H8N4O2

>98% (HPLC)

DMSO:10 mM;Water:1mg/mL

Cn1cnc2[nH]c(=O)n(C)c(=O)c12

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(-20℃)

With Ice Pack

≥ 2 years