This is amino acids 427 to 441 fragment belongs to the FliC, serotype a of the S. FliC epitope recognized by a CD4+ T cell from naturally infected C57BL/6 mice is located in a region common to a number of distinct Salmonella serovars such as the S. paratyphi.This dominant epitope is contained within the constant C-terminus of FliC.

2-Deoxy-D-ribose induces apoptosis by inhibiting the synthesis and increasing the efflux of glutathione.

Glycolithocholic acid is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid, a bile acid. It is increased in livers of mice that are fed diets supplemented with ursadeoxycholic acid.