UDP-Glucose sodium salt is an endogenous nucleotide sugar involved in glycosyltransferase reactions in metabolism. It is an agonist of the P2Y14 receptor (EC50 = 0.35 μM). It can also bind to and activate GPR17 inducing oligodendrocyte differentiation at a maximal concentration of 100 μM.

Achyranthoside D is a triterpene saponin from Achyranthes root.

Methysticin is a kavalactone isolated from the kava roots. Methylsticin exhibit osteoclast formation inhibitory activity.