Trimethylamine oxide has a thermo-protective role in dogfish RBCs. It can stimulate both the anaerobic growth rate and the growth yield of Proteus NTHC 153 by serving as a terminal electron acceptor in an oxidative phosphorylation process.

HIF-1 alpha (556-574) is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 19-mer fragment. HIF-1 functions as master regulator of response to oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia-induced gene expression is initiated when HIF-1subunit is stabilized in response to a lack of oxygen. This part of HIF-1 binds to the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the proline 564 is absolutely vital to the binding process.

Phenol-13C6 is a 13C-labeled Phenol, which is an important chemical raw material used in the manufacture of fungicides and herbicides.